Figure 1. Two separate SSMs were set up, one for females and the other for males. The models were applied to all encounter histories of females and males, including those with zero and multiple companion-changes. For clarity, the model diagram is divided in two panels. In (a), we represent the transitions of the ‘old’ states and the first year ‘new’ states. In (b), we depict the transitions of the ‘new’ states, which revert to ‘old’ after the third breeding attempt (see below and §2d in the main text). The states are: successful (SDated) or failed (FOld) birds breeding with the old mate; successful (SThe) or failed (FThe) individuals breeding with a new mate, where a relationship is defined as ‘new’ for the first 3 years (S/Fnew1, S/Fnew2, S/Fnew3), after which the individuals automatically transition to the ‘old’ states; non-breeding (NonB), if they skipped breeding and their partner was alive; widowed (Wid), if their previous mate died and they did not breed with a new one. In both panels, the same names are used for the same states-i.e. NonB in (b) is the same state as in (a). The different colours are used to represent successful and failed breeders (both with an old and a new mate), non breeders and widowed. The transition probabilities between states (?), shown in the equation boxes at the bottom of (a), are driven by state-specific parameters. The complete set of state-specific parameters, determining the transitions between states, were: probability of retaining the previous mate (breedRemain); probability of breeding after mate-change (breedOption); breeding success with the first mate (succDated) or with subsequent mates (succThe new); individual survival (fa); partner survival (fmate). In the equation boxes, the breedRemain parameters for the different states are represented using bold underlined text to highlight that, within the model formulation, the environmental effects on the state-specific breedSit parameters were quantified using logistic regression. (Online version in colour.)
Within both the female and male SSM formulations, to investigate the environmental drivers of divorce, we used univariate logistic regression to investigate the effects of SSTA and WIND on the probability of retaining the previous mate (breedSit). The importance of the covariates was assessed using https://datingranking.net/tr/seniorpeoplemeet-inceleme/ inclusion probability parameters w (electronic supplementary material).
For everybody activities, we produced about three organizations with a minimum of 30 one hundred thousand iterations
As described above, this SSM was used to analyse the encounter histories of all individuals in our colonies, also including those that never changed mate. This was advantageous for the retrieval of unbiased ‘breedSit‘ and ‘breedSwitch‘ parameters. However, the breeding success parameters estimated in this model were not conditional on mate-change having occurred. Moreover, owing to model convergence issues, it was not possible to specify different breeding success parameters for birds that changed mate owing to divorce and owing to widowing. Therefore, separately for females and males, we designed a second SSM (electronic supplementary material) to quantify the breeding success before and after mate-change, using different parameters for birds that changed mate owing to divorce and widowing. To ensure that the estimated breeding success rates were conditional on mate-change having occurred and in order to simplify the model formulation and reach model convergence, we retained in the analysis only those individuals that changed mate once owing to widowing or divorce.
(e) County room design execution
The latest SSM data try performed regarding the JAGS software carried out using R via the R2JAGS bundle . This new ple in the rear shipment of each SSM parameter. We made sure the organizations was basically well mixed and therefore the fresh Gelman–Rubin diagnostic overlap statistic try below 1.02 for all parameters.