Bee Varieties Assortment
From 2009 in order to 2018, 192 bee species (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) have been trapped from inside the Calanques Federal Park thru one another web and pan pitfall stuff. They belonged in order to half dozen family and 38 genera. Megachilidae is actually the essential types-rich family members, followed by Apidae and you will Halictidae, that have 53, 44, and you can 43 types, correspondingly. Andrena Fabricius, 1775 is the latest wealthiest genus, having 33 species, while eight genera was depicted by the one varieties (Stelis Panzer, 1806; Protosmia Ducke, 1900; Pseudoanthidium Friese, 1898; Coelioxys Latreille, 1809; Chelostoma Latreille, 1809; Anthidiellum Cockerell, 1904; Amegilla Friese, 1897; Panurgus Panzer, 1806; Supp Dining table step 1 [on the internet simply] ). Utilizing the jackknife step 1 and you can dos indexes, the entire bee types richness is projected become ranging from ± 9.89 and you can ± . The fresh new observed fullness ergo represented 71.step three so you can 79.6% of estimated bee richness ( Table 2). New Chao1 approach projected the brand new observed fullness become 76.8% of possible restrict fullness ( Desk dos). The essential abundant species are Apis mellifera L. (276 some one), followed by Rhodanthidium septemdentatum (Latreille, 1809), Rh. sticticum (Fabricius, 1787) (174 and you can 168 some body, respectively), and you can Lasioglossum transitorium (Shenck, 1868) (113 individuals). In the end, 50 species (26%) was basically portrayed from the just one personal (singletons).
Ecological Faculties regarding Bees
Regarding your environment traits out of nesting choices, we known 59 unmarried bee varieties nesting significantly more than surface, 92 unmarried bee variety nesting underground and 23 cleptoparasitic varieties, corresponding to 31.seven, 47.nine, and you may 12.0% of your own full bee variety richness, respectively. I perceived five personal types (bumble bees and you may honey bees-dos.1%). Eventually, the new nesting choice off 14 variety continue to be not familiar (eight.3%- Supp Dining table step 1 [on the web simply] ). Concerning your flowery diet plan from bee species, we unearthed that 105 species (54.7%) foraged for the an array of bush varieties (we.age., generalist varieties, polylectic) and you will 51 types (twenty-six.5%) foraged using one bush family relations otherwise that/few bush types (i.elizabeth., expert types, oligolectic). On leftover thirty-six bee types (18.8%), the newest flowery eating plan wasn’t understood (elizabeth.grams., getting cleptoparasitic varieties). However, very generalist varieties showed a preference for one or several bush household ( Supp Table 1 [online simply] ). Toward forty-two singletons, fourteen bee variety (28%) was professionals, and you may nine bee species (18%) was in fact cleptoparasitic ( Supp Table step one [on the web simply] ).
An enthusiastic IUCN standing is actually readily available for 178 variety (leaving out the newest varieties complexes and you may unknown types). Some of those, 47 types was in fact classified since the data deficient (DD-26.4%), 124 variety was minimum worried (LC-69.6%), half a dozen types was in fact close threatened (NT-step three.4%; Andrena ovatula (Kirby, 1802), Colletes albomaculatus (Lucas, 1849), Dasypoda argentata Panzer, 1809, Halictus quadricinctus (Fabricius, 1776), Lasioglossum prasinum (Smith, 1848), and L. pygmaeum (Schenck, 1853)), and something kinds was noticed threatened (EN-0.6%; L. soror (Saunders, 1901)- Supp Table 1 [on line simply] ). About three oligolectic types was in fact among eight endangered bee species. A great. ovatula and you may C. albomaculatus was professionals on the Fabaceae, D. argentata try a specialist into Caprifoliaceae.
From 2009 to 2018, 38 types of hover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) had been caught into the Calanques Federal Park. It belonged in order to 24 genera ( Supp Dining table dos [on the internet merely] ). The most plentiful genera had been Paragus Latreille, 1804 (33 anybody), Meliscaeva Frey, 1946 (14 people), and you may Sphaerophoria Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau Audinet-Serville into the Latreille, 1828 (thirteen anyone), while 20 varieties (53%) were depicted by singular private ( Supp Table 2 [online merely] ). This new bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae) was illustrated by the 20 varieties, along with five singletons (25%) ( Supp Table 3 [on line merely] ). The fresh quote out-of total species fullness from hover flies and you may bee flies are ranging from 83 and you may 97 species with the jackknife 1 and dos indexes, correspondingly. Therefore, the new noticed richness illustrated 59.8–69.9% of your own estimated scruff hover travel and bee fly richness ( Desk dos).